【高考常考的定语从句八大类】在英语学习中，定语从句是语法中的重点和难点之一，尤其在高考英语中，其出现频率较高，考查形式多样。掌握常见的定语从句类型，有助于考生在阅读理解、完形填空和写作中灵活运用，提高得分率。
以下是高考中常考的定语从句八大类，结合具体例子进行总结，并以表格形式呈现，便于理解和记忆。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词包括：who, whom, that, which, whose
- who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语
- whom：指人，在从句中作宾语（较正式）
- that：指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语
- which：指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
- whose：表示所属关系，既可指人也可指物
例句：
The student who won the prize is my classmate.
The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词包括：when, where, why
- when：表示时间，在从句中作时间状语
- where：表示地点，在从句中作地点状语
- why：表示原因，在从句中作原因状语
例句：
I still remember the day when we first met.
This is the place where I was born.
That’s the reason why he left early.
三、介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句
在某些情况下，关系代词前需加介词，构成“介词 + 关系代词”结构，常见于正式语境中。
例句：
The man to whom you spoke is our teacher.
The house in which I live is very small.
四、that 引导的限制性定语从句
that 可以引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词，不能省略，且不可以用which替代的情况有：
- 先行词是不定代词（如：everything, nothing, something等）
- 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰
- 先行词是all, anything, everything等
例句：
There is nothing that can stop me now.
He is the only person that knows the truth.
五、which 引导的非限制性定语从句
which 引导的非限制性定语从句对主句起补充说明作用，通常用逗号隔开，不能用that代替。
例句：
My brother, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.
The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very useful.
六、as 引导的定语从句
as 引导的定语从句通常用于“as is known to all”、“as is often the case”等固定结构中，表示“正如……所知”。
例句：
As is known to all, the earth is round.
As is often the case, he was late again.
七、the way 引导的定语从句
the way 后面可以接that或in which引导的定语从句，也可以省略关系词。
例句：
I don’t like the way that/which/in which he speaks.
She explained it in a way that I could understand.
八、省略关系词的定语从句
在口语或非正式文体中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。
例句：
The girl (who) I saw at the station is my friend.
The book (which) you gave me is very helpful.
总结表格：高考常考的定语从句八大类
| 类型 | 关系词 | 用法说明 | 示例 |
| 1. 关系代词引导 | who, whom, that, which, whose | 指人或物，作主语或宾语 | The student who passed the exam is my friend. |
| 2. 关系副词引导 | when, where, why | 表示时间、地点、原因 | This is the school where I studied. |
| 3. 介词+关系代词 | to whom, in which, etc. | 表示所属或位置 | The man to whom you spoke is our teacher. |
| 4. that 引导的限制性从句 | that | 修饰特定对象，不可省略 | There is nothing that can stop me. |
| 5. which 引导的非限制性从句 | which | 补充说明，用逗号隔开 | My father, who is a doctor, lives in Shanghai. |
| 6. as 引导的从句 | as | 表示“正如……” | As is known to all, the earth is round. |
| 7. the way 引导的从句 | that/in which | 表示方式 | He explained it in a way that I understood. |
| 8. 省略关系词 | —— | 宾语可省略 | The girl (who) I met is my neighbor. |
通过以上分类和实例分析，考生可以系统掌握高考中常见的定语从句类型，提升语言运用能力和应试水平。建议多做相关练习题，巩固知识点，避免在考试中因语法错误而失分。
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